Cancer Education and Research Institute (CERI)'s Cancer Education Programs
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CERI strongly stands behind the importance of cancer patient empowerment and is a worldwide leading source for simplified, multi-language cancer education. Knowledge is power and empowerment is the key for greater treatment success, early diagnosis, as well as cancer prevention.
For any questions or requests, please submit your inquiry at our CERI Personalized Patient Program™ page.
Sarcoma
Aygün Sahin, MSc, PhD | CEO, President, and Cancer Lead, Cancer Education and Research Institute (CERI)
What is Sarcoma?
Here we describe what sarcoma is, who could get sarcoma, where in the body sarcoma develops, and the detailed explanations of each sarcoma types.
What are the types of Sarcoma?
- Ewing's sarcoma: A rare cancer type that makes up 14% of all bone sarcoma diagnoses. It occurs in bones or in the soft tissue around the bones. Pelvis, thighbone, and shinbone are the most commonly affected areas. Most commonly affects teenagers and young adults.
- Chondrosarcoma: Make up 37% of all bone sarcoma diagnoses. A type of bone sarcoma that develops in the cartilage cells. Most common sites are the upper arm, pelvis and thighbone. It mostly affects adults above the age of 40. About 30% of skeletal system cancers are chondrosarcomas.
- Osteosarcoma: Makes up 30% of all bone sarcoma diagnoses. Atype of bone sarcoma mostly diagnosed in teenagers and young people (under age of 25). It can also affect older adults. Mostly affects the knee, thighbone, shinbone or upper arm. It is thought to occur more often in males than females.
- Chordoma: A rare cancer type that makes up only 6% of all bone sarcoma diagnoses. It can occur anywhere along the spine, from the base of the skull to the tailbone. It grows slowly, gradually extending into the bone and soft tissue around them. Most commonly affects adults in their 40’s and 50’s.
- Angiosarcoma: A rare cancer type that develops from the cells that make up the walls of blood vessels. Can occur anywhere throughout the body but most commonly in the skin (face and scalp), breast (approximately 8% of angiosarcomas, liver, spleen, and in the deep tissues (approximately 25% of angiosarcomas) of the body.
- Fibroblastic sarcoma: Also known as Fibrosarcoma, adult-type fibrosarcoma is a rare and highly aggressive subtype of soft tissue sarcomas. Develops in the fibrous tissues within the body. It is most commonly found in the limbs, skin (dermofibrosarcoma), and in the trunk.
- Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma: A rare soft tissue tumor with most occurring in the distal extremities of adult patients. It has a high rate of local recurrence and a low rate of metastasis.
- Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): The most common sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract. Can originate anywhere from the esophagus to the rectum. Most often occurs in the stomach or small intestine. Most commonly affects adults in the ages between 40 and 80.
- Gynaecological sarcoma: Also known as gynae sarcomas, these tumors occur in the female reproductive system, such as the uterus (womb), ovaries, vagina, vulva and fallopian tubes. They can affect women of any age.
- Kaposi's sarcoma: A rare type of cancer that affects the skin, the inner lining of the mouth and throat, nose and occasionally the internal organs. Cancer growing under the skin causes patches or lesions that are usually red or purple.
- Leiomyosarcoma: A rare type of cancer that affects smooth muscle tissue. Most common in the abdomen, however, it can occur anywhere in the body, including the uterus, blood vessels, and skin.
- Liposarcoma: A rare type of cancer that develops from the fat cells found all over the body. It is considered a type of soft tissue sarcoma. In most cases it occurs in the muscles of the limbs or in the abdomen.
- Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST): A rare type of cancer. Also known as neurofibrosarcoma, MPNST develops in the protective lining that covers nerves, in other words, in the cells that cover nerves. They can occur anywhere throughout the body. The first symptom of MPNST is often a lump or mass that increases in size, sometimes causing pain or a tingling sensation. Mainlyoccurs in adults.
- Retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS): A rare type of cancer that occurs in the retroperitoneum. The peritoneum is the lining of the abdominal space that covers the abdominal organs. It is deep in the abdomen and pelvis, behind the abdominal lining, where organs such as the major blood vessels, kidneys, pancreas and bladder are located.Approximately 15% of soft tissue sarcomas arise in the retroperitoneum.
- Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS): A rare cancer type of cancer that developsin the skeletal or in the muscles we can control ourselves. It is most commonly found in the head and neck but it also occurs in the abdomen, in hollow organs such as the bladder or uterus. RMS can occur at any age, but it most often affects children.
- Soft tissue Ewing's sarcoma: A rare type of cancer that is also known as Extraosseous Ewing sarcomas (EESs). It originates from soft tissues. They are found in the trunk, limbs and the brain.
- Soft tissue sarcoma: Develops in supporting or connective tissue such as the muscle, nerves, tendons, blood vessels and fatty and fibrous tissues.
- Synovial sarcoma: A rare cancer type that is also known as malignant synovioma. It develops in muscle or ligaments, and in cells around joints and tendons. Synovial sarcoma can occur anywhere throughout the body but is often found in the arm, leg, or foot, and near joints such as the wrist or ankle. It can also form in soft tissues in the lung or abdomen. Commonly found in young adults.
What are the Benign (Non-cancerous) types of Sarcoma?
- Desmoid-type fibromatosis (DF): Also called desmoid tumoror deep fibromatosis, sometimes called Desmoid Tumor or aggressive fibromatosis. It is a rare type of benign (non-cancerous) tumor. DF develops from fibroblasts. This is a cell type that provides cell support for the body’s tissues.
- Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone: A benign (non-cancerous) tumor that develop in the bone. Mostly occur in the long bones found in the arms and legs. Always found at the end of the bone next to the joint.
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References:
- Galyfos, G. et al. Extraosseous Ewing Sarcoma: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Optimal Management Indian J Surg (February 2016) 78(1):49–53 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4848231/
- Lee, KC et al. Desmoid-type fibromatosis mimicking cystic retroperitoneal mass: case report and literature review Lee et al. BMC Medical Imaging (2018) 18:29 https://bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12880-018-0265-5
- Lucas, DR.Myxoinflammatory Fibroblastic Sarcoma: Review and Update. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: November 2017, Vol. 141, No. 11, pp. 1503-1507. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2017-0219-RA
- Augsburger, D. et al. Current diagnostics and treatment of brosarcoma –perspectives for future therapeutic targets and strategies Oncotarget, 2017, Vol. 8, (No. 61), pp: 104638-104653 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5732833/
- Rawal, G., Ahluwalia, C., Yadav, A.K. et al. Metachronous extraskeletal (soft tissue) epithelioid osteogenic sarcoma: a case report. J Med Case Reports 13, 136 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-019-2070-3
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- ghr.nlm.nih.gov - accessed 7/14/2020
- sarcoma.org.uk - accessed 7/14/2020
- rarediseases.info.nih.gov - accessed 7/14/2020
- brighamandwomans.org - accessed 7/14/2020
- cancer.gov - accessed 7/14/2020
#sarcoma #sarcomatypes #whogetssarcoma #cancer #childhoodcancer #sarcomasurvivors #sarcomapatients #cancereducation #cancerresearch #cancertreatment #ewingsarcoma
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FDA APPROVALS for SARCOMA
December 9, 2022: FDA approves to atezolizumab for alveolar soft part sarcoma
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved atezolizumab (Tecentriq, Genentech, Inc.) for adult and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with unresectable or metastatic alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS).
Read full approval here.
Read full approval here.
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