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Cancer Vaccines
New cancer vaccine led to significant tumor shrinkage in mice
Aygün Sahin, MSc, PhD | CEO, President, and Cancer Lead, Cancer Education and Research Institute (CERI)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) researchers developed a cancer vaccine, called SNAPvax.
SNAPvax is a self-assembling nanoparticle vaccine that *links* tumor antigen peptides to a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist (SNP-7/8a).
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are mainly expressed on antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages or dendritic cells. Their signaling activates antigen-presenting cells to provoke innate immunity and to establish adaptive immunity.
NIH researchers treated tumor-bearing mice with this vaccine in two ways: 1) Subcutaneously (SNP-SC), and 2) Intravenously (SNP-IV).
Both routes generated antigen-specific CD8+ T cells that infiltrated tumors.
However, only the IV delivery triggered the body’s innate immune system by inducing type I interferon. These interferons are a protein animal cells release in response to viruses.
The researchers found that this innate immune response changed the tumor microenvironment, which prevented the cancerous cells from suppressing T cell action.
The experimental vaccine, SNAPvax, was designed by Robert Seder, M.D., and colleagues at the NIAID Vaccine Research Center (VRC) together with collaborators from Vaccitech North America, a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company in Baltimore, Maryland.
Vaccitech announced plans to advance the SNAPvax platform for use in treating human papilloma virus-associated cancer in 2023.
CONCLUSION: The generation of tumor-specific, tumor-killing CD8+ T cells combined with remodeling of the tumor microenvironment is a promising approach for tumor immunotherapy.
SNAPvax is a self-assembling nanoparticle vaccine that *links* tumor antigen peptides to a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist (SNP-7/8a).
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are mainly expressed on antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages or dendritic cells. Their signaling activates antigen-presenting cells to provoke innate immunity and to establish adaptive immunity.
NIH researchers treated tumor-bearing mice with this vaccine in two ways: 1) Subcutaneously (SNP-SC), and 2) Intravenously (SNP-IV).
Both routes generated antigen-specific CD8+ T cells that infiltrated tumors.
However, only the IV delivery triggered the body’s innate immune system by inducing type I interferon. These interferons are a protein animal cells release in response to viruses.
The researchers found that this innate immune response changed the tumor microenvironment, which prevented the cancerous cells from suppressing T cell action.
The experimental vaccine, SNAPvax, was designed by Robert Seder, M.D., and colleagues at the NIAID Vaccine Research Center (VRC) together with collaborators from Vaccitech North America, a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company in Baltimore, Maryland.
Vaccitech announced plans to advance the SNAPvax platform for use in treating human papilloma virus-associated cancer in 2023.
CONCLUSION: The generation of tumor-specific, tumor-killing CD8+ T cells combined with remodeling of the tumor microenvironment is a promising approach for tumor immunotherapy.
References:
- Baharom, F. et al. Volume 185, ISSUE 23, P4317-4332.e15, November 10, 2022 (accessed 11/15/2022)
- Experimental Cancer Vaccine Shows Promise in Animal Studies (accessed 11/15/2022)
- New cancer vaccine successfully boosts immune system, shrinks tumors in mice (accessed 11/15/2022)
- Kaisho, T and Akira S. Toll-like receptor function and signaling. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Volume 117, Issue 5, May 2006, Pages 979-987, (accessed 11/15/2022)
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